Snowball sampling pdf Tauranga

snowball sampling pdf

Snowball sampling LГ¦rd Dissertation Aug 01, 2011 · 1. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. As described in Leo Goodman’s (2011) comment, snowball sampling was developed by Coleman (1958–1959) and Goodman (1961) as a means for studying the structure of social networks. Several years after Coleman’s and Goodman’s development of snowball sampling, what was also termed snowball sampling emerged as a nonprobability approach to …

Womanism and Snowball Sampling Engaging Marginalized

Snowball Sampling Chain Referral Sampling. Debt Snowball Get the ball rolling and start attacking your debt! You’ve got your emergency fund taken care of. Now it’s time to dump the debt! The Debt Snowball form will help you get some quick wins and develop some serious momentum! You’ll make minimum payments on all of your debts except for the smallest one. Then, attack that, Dec 02, 2010 · The latter have been overlooked, qualifying only as a ‘technical’ research stage. This article attends to snowball sampling via constructivist and feminist hermeneutics, suggesting that when viewed critically, this popular sampling method can generate a unique type of social knowledge—knowledge which is emergent, political and interactional..

Debt Snowball Get the ball rolling and start attacking your debt! You’ve got your emergency fund taken care of. Now it’s time to dump the debt! The Debt Snowball form will help you get some quick wins and develop some serious momentum! You’ll make minimum payments on all of your debts except for the smallest one. Then, attack that Nov 01, 1981 · In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious.

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate. Researchers use this sampling method if the sample for the study is very rare or is limited to a In this study, we performed the first quantitative, medium-N analysis of snowball sampling to identify pathways to sample diversity, analysing 211 reach-outs conducted via snowball sampling

Snowball Sampling Definition: The Snowball Sampling is a non-random sampling technique wherein the initial informants are approached who through their social network nominate or refer the participants that meet the eligibility criteria of the research under study. Thus, this method is also called as the referral sampling method or chain sampling method. Snowball sampling is a recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects. The use of currently enrolled research participants to recruit additional research participants (sometimes referred to as “the snowball sampling”) may be approved by the IRB under some

questionnaires. Snowball sampling technique has strengths and weaknesses in its application. Field research housing sector become the case study to explain this sampling technique. Keywords: field research, snowball sampling technique ABSTRAK Penelitian lapangan dapat terkait dengan metode penelitian kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, tergantung Dec 20, 2013 · Snowball sampling is used to recruit samples when members of the desired population are hard to reach or access because they feel disempowered, socially excluded, or vulnerable. Snowball sampling was probably the only sampling method that could have been used to obtain a reasonably representative sample of injecting drug users.

Snowball sampling Is a design process of selection usually done by using, networks. It is useful when the researcher know little about a group or organisation to study; contact with few individuals will direct him to other group. The selection of the study sample will be useful for communication Stratified Sampling Self-Selection Sampling Cluster Sampling Snowball Sampling Probability Sampling 1. Simple Random Sampling In this technique, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as subject. The entire process of sampling is done in a single step with each subject selected independently of the other members of the

Feb 21, 2014 · sampling, ppt, business research, swati luthra Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Snowball sampling. Snowball sampling is a type of non-probability sampling technique. Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques that are based on the judgement of the researcher [see our article Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability sampling]. This article explains (a) what snowball sampling is, (b) how to create a snowball sample, and (c) the advantages

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate. Researchers use this sampling method if the sample for the study is very rare or is limited to a Jun 08, 2016 · SNOWBALL SAMPLING A. PENGERTIAN Secara umum ada dua teknik sampling yang dapat digunakan, yaitu sampling probabilitas yang cenderung bersifat kuantitatif dengan analisis statistik, dan teknik sampling non-probabilitas yang cenderung bersifat kualitatif. Untuk menjawab permasalahan khusus yang sulit diungkapkan dan tidak mudah dianalisis secara statistik, maka teknik sampling non …

Snowball Sampling Definition: The Snowball Sampling is a non-random sampling technique wherein the initial informants are approached who through their social network nominate or refer the participants that meet the eligibility criteria of the research under study. Thus, this method is also called as the referral sampling method or chain sampling method. Snowball Sampling Definition: The Snowball Sampling is a non-random sampling technique wherein the initial informants are approached who through their social network nominate or refer the participants that meet the eligibility criteria of the research under study. Thus, this method is also called as the referral sampling method or chain sampling method.

Snowball sampling is a recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects. The use of currently enrolled research participants to recruit additional research participants (sometimes referred to as “the snowball sampling”) may be approved by the IRB under some Snowball sampling can be applied for two primary purposes. Firstly, and most easily, as an ‘informal’ method to reach a target population. If the aim of a study is primarily explorative, qualitative and descriptive, then snowball sampling offers practical advantages (Hendricks, Blanken and Adriaans, 1992). Snowball sampling is used most

In this study, we performed the first quantitative, medium-N analysis of snowball sampling to identify pathways to sample diversity, analysing 211 reach-outs conducted via snowball sampling Nov 01, 1981 · In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious.

Snowball Sampling SAGE Research Methods

snowball sampling pdf

Using Social Media and Targeted Snowball Sampling to. Snowball sampling. Snowball sampling is a type of non-probability sampling technique. Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques that are based on the judgement of the researcher [see our article Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability sampling]. This article explains (a) what snowball sampling is, (b) how to create a snowball sample, and (c) the advantages, Debt Snowball Get the ball rolling and start attacking your debt! You’ve got your emergency fund taken care of. Now it’s time to dump the debt! The Debt Snowball form will help you get some quick wins and develop some serious momentum! You’ll make minimum payments on all of your debts except for the smallest one. Then, attack that.

Snowball sampling The BMJ. Nov 01, 1981 · In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious., d. Snowball Sampling i. Snowball sampling (also called network, chain referral, or reputational sampling) is a method for identifying and sampling the cases in a network. It begins with one or a few people or cases and spreads out on the basis of links to the initial cases. b. Probability Sampling i..

Snowball Sampling SAGE Research Methods

snowball sampling pdf

Debt Snowball Quick-Start Budget cdn.ramseysolutions.net. Aug 01, 2011 · 1. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. As described in Leo Goodman’s (2011) comment, snowball sampling was developed by Coleman (1958–1959) and Goodman (1961) as a means for studying the structure of social networks. Several years after Coleman’s and Goodman’s development of snowball sampling, what was also termed snowball sampling emerged as a nonprobability approach to … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Meier In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball..

snowball sampling pdf

  • SNOWBALL VERSUS RESPONDENT-DRIVEN SAMPLING
  • Snowball Sampling Problems and Techniques of Chain
  • Snowball sampling The BMJ
  • Snowball sampling using social networks to research non

  • Snowball sampling. Snowball sampling is a type of non-probability sampling technique. Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques that are based on the judgement of the researcher [see our article Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability sampling]. This article explains (a) what snowball sampling is, (b) how to create a snowball sample, and (c) the advantages Nov 01, 1981 · In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious.

    Feb 21, 2014 · sampling, ppt, business research, swati luthra Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Snowball sampling is a popular technique among social scientists who wish to work with a population that is difficult to identify or locate. This often occurs when the population is somehow marginalized, like homeless or formerly incarcerated individuals or those who are involved in illegal activities.

    Womanism and Snowball Sampling: Engaging Marginalized Populations in Holistic Research Abstract Womanist and feminist qualitative researchers continue to identify research methods and techniques that harness the power of social networking and personal connections while … name snowball sampling”, a specific form of snowball sampling. Goodman’s formulation requires an initial sample drawn using a probability method on a known sampling frame. It also fixes parameters of the sampling process: the number of links followed from each participant (k) …

    Dec 27, 2012 · Snowball sampling uses a small pool of initial informants to nominate other participants who meet the eligibility criteria for a study. The name reflects an analogy to a snowball increasing in size as it rolls downhill. In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball.

    Advantages of Snowball Sampling. The chain referral process allows the researcher to reach populations that are difficult to sample when using other sampling methods. The process is cheap, simple and cost-efficient. This sampling technique needs little planning and … The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1958 Some Remarks on Systematic Sampling Gautschi, Werner, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1957 Design for …

    questionnaires. Snowball sampling technique has strengths and weaknesses in its application. Field research housing sector become the case study to explain this sampling technique. Keywords: field research, snowball sampling technique ABSTRAK Penelitian lapangan dapat terkait dengan metode penelitian kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, tergantung Aug 01, 2011 · 1. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. As described in Leo Goodman’s (2011) comment, snowball sampling was developed by Coleman (1958–1959) and Goodman (1961) as a means for studying the structure of social networks. Several years after Coleman’s and Goodman’s development of snowball sampling, what was also termed snowball sampling emerged as a nonprobability approach to …

    Advantages of Snowball Sampling. The chain referral process allows the researcher to reach populations that are difficult to sample when using other sampling methods. The process is cheap, simple and cost-efficient. This sampling technique needs little planning and … This feature too is tied to the fact the snowball sampling makes use of natural social networks. In what follows I will first supply a brief background on snowball sampling, empha-sizing the method’s dynamic quality. Then I will discuss the unique relationship between snowball sampling (as a ‘data accessing’ method) and in-depth interviewing

    Womanism and Snowball Sampling: Engaging Marginalized Populations in Holistic Research Abstract Womanist and feminist qualitative researchers continue to identify research methods and techniques that harness the power of social networking and personal connections while … Snowball sampling can be applied for two primary purposes. Firstly, and most easily, as an ‘informal’ method to reach a target population. If the aim of a study is primarily explorative, qualitative and descriptive, then snowball sampling offers practical advantages (Hendricks, Blanken and Adriaans, 1992). Snowball sampling is used most

    Nov 01, 1981 · In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious. Nov 18, 2013 · This paper explores snowball sampling, a recruitment method that employs research into participants' social networks to access specific populations. Beginning with the premise that research is ‘formed’, the paper offers one account of snowball sampling and using social networks to ‘make

    Advantages of Snowball Sampling. The chain referral process allows the researcher to reach populations that are difficult to sample when using other sampling methods. The process is cheap, simple and cost-efficient. This sampling technique needs little planning and … questionnaires. Snowball sampling technique has strengths and weaknesses in its application. Field research housing sector become the case study to explain this sampling technique. Keywords: field research, snowball sampling technique ABSTRAK Penelitian lapangan dapat terkait dengan metode penelitian kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, tergantung

    questionnaires. Snowball sampling technique has strengths and weaknesses in its application. Field research housing sector become the case study to explain this sampling technique. Keywords: field research, snowball sampling technique ABSTRAK Penelitian lapangan dapat terkait dengan metode penelitian kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, tergantung Snowball sampling is a popular technique among social scientists who wish to work with a population that is difficult to identify or locate. This often occurs when the population is somehow marginalized, like homeless or formerly incarcerated individuals or those who are involved in illegal activities.

    Snowball Sampling Chain Referral Sampling

    snowball sampling pdf

    Sampling McDaniel College. Nov 01, 1981 · In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior, the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or obvious., Snowball sampling is a sampling technique to gather data or information from a specific group of people [27] and mostly used to study hidden population [28]..

    Snowball sampling using social networks to research non

    Snowball sampling Changing minds. Snowball sampling is a popular technique among social scientists who wish to work with a population that is difficult to identify or locate. This often occurs when the population is somehow marginalized, like homeless or formerly incarcerated individuals or those who are involved in illegal activities., Snowball sampling is where research participants recruit other participants for a test or study. It is used where potential participants are hard to find. It’s called snowball sampling because (in theory) once you have the ball rolling, it picks up more “snow” along the way and becomes larger and larger..

    Snowball Sampling Definition: The Snowball Sampling is a non-random sampling technique wherein the initial informants are approached who through their social network nominate or refer the participants that meet the eligibility criteria of the research under study. Thus, this method is also called as the referral sampling method or chain sampling method. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1958 Some Remarks on Systematic Sampling Gautschi, Werner, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1957 Design for …

    Dec 20, 2013 · Snowball sampling is used to recruit samples when members of the desired population are hard to reach or access because they feel disempowered, socially excluded, or vulnerable. Snowball sampling was probably the only sampling method that could have been used to obtain a reasonably representative sample of injecting drug users. Snowball sampling is a recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects. The use of currently enrolled research participants to recruit additional research participants (sometimes referred to as “the snowball sampling”) may be approved by the IRB under some

    Nov 18, 2013 · This paper explores snowball sampling, a recruitment method that employs research into participants' social networks to access specific populations. Beginning with the premise that research is ‘formed’, the paper offers one account of snowball sampling and using social networks to ‘make Snowball Sampling Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling PATRICK BlERNACKl Sun Francisco State University DAN WALDORF Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation nowball or chain referral sampling is a method that has S been widely used in qualitative sociological research. The

    Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate. Researchers use this sampling method if the sample for the study is very rare or is limited to a Snowball sampling Is a design process of selection usually done by using, networks. It is useful when the researcher know little about a group or organisation to study; contact with few individuals will direct him to other group. The selection of the study sample will be useful for communication

    Download PDF . Show page numbers . Snowball sampling is a technique that can be applied in two survey contexts. The first context involves surveying members of a rare population. The second involves studying mutual relationships among population members. In both cases, respondents are expected to know about the identity of other members of the Snowball Sampling Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling PATRICK BlERNACKl Sun Francisco State University DAN WALDORF Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation nowball or chain referral sampling is a method that has S been widely used in qualitative sociological research. The

    Debt Snowball Get the ball rolling and start attacking your debt! You’ve got your emergency fund taken care of. Now it’s time to dump the debt! The Debt Snowball form will help you get some quick wins and develop some serious momentum! You’ll make minimum payments on all of your debts except for the smallest one. Then, attack that Aug 01, 2011 · 1. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. As described in Leo Goodman’s (2011) comment, snowball sampling was developed by Coleman (1958–1959) and Goodman (1961) as a means for studying the structure of social networks. Several years after Coleman’s and Goodman’s development of snowball sampling, what was also termed snowball sampling emerged as a nonprobability approach to …

    Snowball sampling can be applied for two primary purposes. Firstly, and most easily, as an ‘informal’ method to reach a target population. If the aim of a study is primarily explorative, qualitative and descriptive, then snowball sampling offers practical advantages (Hendricks, Blanken and Adriaans, 1992). Snowball sampling is used most Snowball sampling is a sampling technique to gather data or information from a specific group of people [27] and mostly used to study hidden population [28].

    In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball. d. Snowball Sampling i. Snowball sampling (also called network, chain referral, or reputational sampling) is a method for identifying and sampling the cases in a network. It begins with one or a few people or cases and spreads out on the basis of links to the initial cases. b. Probability Sampling i.

    Dec 27, 2012 · Snowball sampling uses a small pool of initial informants to nominate other participants who meet the eligibility criteria for a study. The name reflects an analogy to a snowball increasing in size as it rolls downhill. Purposive and Snowball Sampling. Definitions. Purposive sampling: A non random selection of participants on purpose. The variables to which the sample is drawn up are linked to the research question. E.g. if my research topic is on test anxiety in IB students, I might select a non random sample of IB students from different schools.

    Snowball sampling is a recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects. The use of currently enrolled research participants to recruit additional research participants (sometimes referred to as “the snowball sampling”) may be approved by the IRB under some Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate. Researchers use this sampling method if the sample for the study is very rare or is limited to a

    Snowball Sampling in Qualitative Research Sampling

    snowball sampling pdf

    What is Snowball Sampling? definition and meaning. This feature too is tied to the fact the snowball sampling makes use of natural social networks. In what follows I will first supply a brief background on snowball sampling, empha-sizing the method’s dynamic quality. Then I will discuss the unique relationship between snowball sampling (as a ‘data accessing’ method) and in-depth interviewing, Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate. Researchers use this sampling method if the sample for the study is very rare or is limited to a.

    Snowball Sampling How to Do It and Pros and Cons

    snowball sampling pdf

    Snowball Sampling Problems and Techniques of Chain. Purposive and Snowball Sampling. Definitions. Purposive sampling: A non random selection of participants on purpose. The variables to which the sample is drawn up are linked to the research question. E.g. if my research topic is on test anxiety in IB students, I might select a non random sample of IB students from different schools. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Meier Snowball sampling can be applied for two primary purposes. Firstly, and most easily, as an ‘informal’ method to reach a target population. If the aim of a study is primarily explorative, qualitative and descriptive, then snowball sampling offers practical advantages (Hendricks, Blanken and Adriaans, 1992). Snowball sampling is used most.

    snowball sampling pdf


    Aug 01, 2011 · 1. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. As described in Leo Goodman’s (2011) comment, snowball sampling was developed by Coleman (1958–1959) and Goodman (1961) as a means for studying the structure of social networks. Several years after Coleman’s and Goodman’s development of snowball sampling, what was also termed snowball sampling emerged as a nonprobability approach to … d. Snowball Sampling i. Snowball sampling (also called network, chain referral, or reputational sampling) is a method for identifying and sampling the cases in a network. It begins with one or a few people or cases and spreads out on the basis of links to the initial cases. b. Probability Sampling i.

    questionnaires. Snowball sampling technique has strengths and weaknesses in its application. Field research housing sector become the case study to explain this sampling technique. Keywords: field research, snowball sampling technique ABSTRAK Penelitian lapangan dapat terkait dengan metode penelitian kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, tergantung Dec 20, 2013 · Snowball sampling is used to recruit samples when members of the desired population are hard to reach or access because they feel disempowered, socially excluded, or vulnerable. Snowball sampling was probably the only sampling method that could have been used to obtain a reasonably representative sample of injecting drug users.

    Womanism and Snowball Sampling: Engaging Marginalized Populations in Holistic Research Abstract Womanist and feminist qualitative researchers continue to identify research methods and techniques that harness the power of social networking and personal connections while … name snowball sampling”, a specific form of snowball sampling. Goodman’s formulation requires an initial sample drawn using a probability method on a known sampling frame. It also fixes parameters of the sampling process: the number of links followed from each participant (k) …

    Media and Targeted Snowball Sampling 282 ples and the asystematic recruitment of research subjects in convenience samples on the one hand and the more rigid cluster and stratified samples on the other. Unlike convenience samples, re-search subjects are selected for specific attributes that preliminary research has defined as targets Jun 08, 2016 · SNOWBALL SAMPLING A. PENGERTIAN Secara umum ada dua teknik sampling yang dapat digunakan, yaitu sampling probabilitas yang cenderung bersifat kuantitatif dengan analisis statistik, dan teknik sampling non-probabilitas yang cenderung bersifat kualitatif. Untuk menjawab permasalahan khusus yang sulit diungkapkan dan tidak mudah dianalisis secara statistik, maka teknik sampling non …

    Dec 27, 2012 · Snowball sampling uses a small pool of initial informants to nominate other participants who meet the eligibility criteria for a study. The name reflects an analogy to a snowball increasing in size as it rolls downhill. Snowball sampling is a sampling technique to gather data or information from a specific group of people [27] and mostly used to study hidden population [28].

    Snowball sampling is a special nonprobability method used when the desired sample characteristic is rare. It may be extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in these situations. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects. While … non-probability sampling techniques, namely; snowball sampling and sequential sampling met Snowball sampling Snowball sampling or Chain-referral-sampling of a hidden population begins with a convenience sample of initial subject, because if a random sample could be drawn, the population would not restrict as …

    The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1958 Some Remarks on Systematic Sampling Gautschi, Werner, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1957 Design for … Snowball Sampling Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling PATRICK BlERNACKl Sun Francisco State University DAN WALDORF Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation nowball or chain referral sampling is a method that has S been widely used in qualitative sociological research. The

    Dec 20, 2013 · Snowball sampling is used to recruit samples when members of the desired population are hard to reach or access because they feel disempowered, socially excluded, or vulnerable. Snowball sampling was probably the only sampling method that could have been used to obtain a reasonably representative sample of injecting drug users. Dec 20, 2013 · Snowball sampling is used to recruit samples when members of the desired population are hard to reach or access because they feel disempowered, socially excluded, or vulnerable. Snowball sampling was probably the only sampling method that could have been used to obtain a reasonably representative sample of injecting drug users.

    Snowball sampling is a sampling technique to gather data or information from a specific group of people [27] and mostly used to study hidden population [28]. Advantages of Snowball Sampling. The chain referral process allows the researcher to reach populations that are difficult to sample when using other sampling methods. The process is cheap, simple and cost-efficient. This sampling technique needs little planning and …

    Snowball sampling. Snowball sampling is a type of non-probability sampling technique. Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques that are based on the judgement of the researcher [see our article Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability sampling]. This article explains (a) what snowball sampling is, (b) how to create a snowball sample, and (c) the advantages Snowball sampling is a recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects. The use of currently enrolled research participants to recruit additional research participants (sometimes referred to as “the snowball sampling”) may be approved by the IRB under some

    Purposive and Snowball Sampling. Definitions. Purposive sampling: A non random selection of participants on purpose. The variables to which the sample is drawn up are linked to the research question. E.g. if my research topic is on test anxiety in IB students, I might select a non random sample of IB students from different schools. Snowball sampling is a technique where a researcher picks the first few samples and either recruits them or asks them to recommend other subjects they know who fit the description of samples needed.